Docker

Overview

Docker 사용법 정리

Basic

Docker 에는 크게 두가지 버전이 있다. CE(Community Edition) 과 EE(Enterprise Edition)이다. CE 는 개인/개발용 무료버전, EE 는 기업/상품용 유료 제품이다.

Installation

• https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/

Dockerfile

docker 이미지를 생성하는 파일.

Commands

attach

현재 동작중인 container 에 접속한다.

$ sudo docker attach --help

Usage:	docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container

Options:
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --help                 Print usage
      --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
      --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)

Ctrl+P, Ctrl+Q 를 차례대로 입력하면 컨테이너를 정지하지 않고, 빠져나올 수 있다.

exec

외부에서 현재 running 중인 container 안의 명령을 실행한다.

$ sudo docker exec --help

Usage:	docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container

Options:
  -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
      --help                 Print usage
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])

컨테이너 이름 대신 컨테이너 ID 를 사용해도 된다. 하지만 컨테이너가 running 상태인 경우에만 사용할 수 있으며, stop 상태에서는 사용할 수 없다.

이미 실행된 컨테이너에 apt-get, apt, yum 명령으로 패키지를 설치하거나 각종 데몬의 실행/재실행 할 때 유용하다.

Example

$ docker exec hello echo "Hello world!"
Hello world!

help

$ sudo docker help

Usage:	docker COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/home/pchero/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      --help               Print usage
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/pchero/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/pchero/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/home/pchero/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

image

현재 docker 에 저장된 image 들을 관리한다.

$ sudo docker image help

Usage:	docker image COMMAND

Manage images

Options:
      --help   Print usage

Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

ps

컨테이너 리스트를 보여준다.

$ sudo docker ps -h
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:	docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
      --help            Print usage
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display numeric IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes

rm

하나 혹은 그 이상의 컨테이너를 삭제한다.

$ docker rm --help

Usage:	docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Remove one or more containers

Options:
  -f, --force     Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
      --help      Print usage
  -l, --link      Remove the specified link
  -v, --volumes   Remove the volumes associated with the container

컨테이너 이름 대신 컨테이너 ID 를 사용해도 된다.

Example

$ docker rm hello

rmi

하나 혹은 그 이상의 이미지를 삭제한다.

$ docker rmi --help

Usage:	docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Remove one or more images

Options:
  -f, --force      Force removal of the image
      --help       Print usage
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents

이미지 이름 대신 이미지 ID 를 사용해도 된다.

별도의 태그 이름을 지정하지 않으면, 지정된 이름을 가진 모든 이미지가 삭제된다.

Example

$ docker rmi ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:506e2d5852de1d7c90d538c5332bd3cc33b9cbd26f6ca653875899c505c82687
Deleted: sha256:747cb2d60bbecbda48aff14a8be5c8b913ca69318a6067e57c697f8a78dda06e
Deleted: sha256:ec1fd849ff0a8f0aa2fd1acc29ad5dabbc79b89f63b74a4f54e31a7b0a100aa1
Deleted: sha256:e3f6dffa20cf36460d23bfb22e17be6e5339891f8537f32db79887caf832048b
Deleted: sha256:c213ffdc9f7032702de5a8e9045fcce2353b7221ef6bf4509e02005cfc858f58
Deleted: sha256:3fddf55a451aa43707518f2d8788c12ee5eb1f1e3075433f5bcf4d445d5c275d
Deleted: sha256:0f5ff0cf6a1c53f94b15f03536c490040f233bc455f1232f54cc8eb344a3a368

stop

실행중인 컨테이너를 정지한다.

$ sudo docker stop -h
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:	docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Stop one or more running containers

Options:
      --help       Print usage
  -t, --time int   Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)

See also

• http://www.slideshare.net/pyrasis/docker-fordummies-44424016 - 도커 무작정 따라하기: 도커가 처음인 사람도 60분이면 웹 서버를 올릴 수 있습니다!
• http://pyrasis.com/Docker/Docker-HOWTO - Docker 기본 사용법

References

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