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Linux 프로그램 오류 검사기 valgrind 사용법 소개. | Linux 프로그램 오류 검사기 valgrind 사용법 소개. | ||
== | == Basic == | ||
다음의 툴 모드를 지원한다. | |||
* memcheck | |||
* cachegrind, | |||
* callgrind | |||
* helgrind | |||
* drd | |||
* massif | |||
* lackey | |||
* none | |||
* exp-sgcheck | |||
* exp-bbv | |||
* exp-dhat | |||
* etc | |||
== Memcheck == | |||
다음의 명령어 입력시, 메모리 누수 검사를 수행한다. | 다음의 명령어 입력시, 메모리 누수 검사를 수행한다. | ||
<source lang=bash> | <source lang=bash> | ||
Line 28: | Line 44: | ||
* Valgrind | * Valgrind | ||
< | <pre> | ||
pchero@mywork:~/workspace/study/program/memory/leak_sample$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./main | pchero@mywork:~/workspace/study/program/memory/leak_sample$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./main | ||
==12061== Memcheck, a memory error detector | ==12061== Memcheck, a memory error detector | ||
Line 54: | Line 70: | ||
==12061== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v | ==12061== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v | ||
==12061== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0) | ==12061== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0) | ||
</ | </pre> | ||
== cachegrind == | |||
캐시 메모리 사용과 관련한 분석을 할 때 이용한다. 보통은 cg_annotate 라고 하는 프로그램을 같이 붙여서 사용한다. | |||
<pre> | |||
$ valgrind --tool=cachegrind --cachegrind-out-file=test.cache ./main | |||
==5449== Cachegrind, a cache and branch-prediction profiler | |||
==5449== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Nicholas Nethercote et al. | |||
==5449== Using Valgrind-3.10.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info | |||
==5449== Command: ./main | |||
==5449== | |||
--5449-- warning: L3 cache found, using its data for the LL simulation. | |||
==5449== | |||
==5449== I refs: 936,567,521 | |||
==5449== I1 misses: 794 | |||
==5449== LLi misses: 789 | |||
==5449== I1 miss rate: 0.00% | |||
==5449== LLi miss rate: 0.00% | |||
==5449== | |||
==5449== D refs: 372,559,454 (255,043,966 rd + 117,515,488 wr) | |||
==5449== D1 misses: 18,125,618 ( 15,000,058 rd + 3,125,560 wr) | |||
==5449== LLd misses: 17,655,246 ( 14,529,718 rd + 3,125,528 wr) | |||
==5449== D1 miss rate: 4.8% ( 5.8% + 2.6% ) | |||
==5449== LLd miss rate: 4.7% ( 5.6% + 2.6% ) | |||
==5449== | |||
==5449== LL refs: 18,126,412 ( 15,000,852 rd + 3,125,560 wr) | |||
==5449== LL misses: 17,656,035 ( 14,530,507 rd + 3,125,528 wr) | |||
==5449== LL miss rate: 1.3% ( 1.2% + 2.6% ) | |||
$ cg_annotate --auto=yes ./test.cache | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
I1 cache: 32768 B, 64 B, 8-way associative | |||
D1 cache: 32768 B, 64 B, 8-way associative | |||
LL cache: 6291456 B, 64 B, 12-way associative | |||
Command: ./main | |||
Data file: ./test.cache | |||
Events recorded: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw | |||
Events shown: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw | |||
Event sort order: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw | |||
Thresholds: 0.1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 | |||
Include dirs: | |||
User annotated: | |||
Auto-annotation: on | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
936,567,521 794 789 255,043,966 15,000,174 14,530,056 117,515,488 3,125,560 3,125,528 PROGRAM TOTALS | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw file:function | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
389,524,179 2 2 120,002,480 0 0 60,001,240 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:random_r | |||
255,000,000 3 3 90,000,000 0 0 15,000,000 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c:random | |||
195,000,021 1 1 15,000,004 14,997,687 14,527,948 15,000,006 0 0 ???:main | |||
60,000,000 1 1 15,000,000 0 0 15,000,000 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c:rand | |||
21,875,016 4 4 1 1 1 12,500,004 3,125,001 3,125,001 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/memset.S:memset | |||
15,000,220 21 18 15,000,114 6 5 33 1 1 ???:??? | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
The following files chosen for auto-annotation could not be found: | |||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |||
/build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c | |||
/build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c | |||
/build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/memset.S | |||
/build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c | |||
</pre> | |||
== Options == | |||
=== --log-file === | |||
valgrind result output 을 입력한 파일로 지정한다. 즉, 결과를 파일에 저장하는 옵션이다. | |||
== Help == | == Help == | ||
Line 206: | Line 293: | ||
[[category: | == See also == | ||
* http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html - Cachegrind: a cache and branch-prediction profiler | |||
[[category:programming]] |
Latest revision as of 09:27, 24 August 2016
Overview
Linux 프로그램 오류 검사기 valgrind 사용법 소개.
Basic
다음의 툴 모드를 지원한다.
- memcheck
- cachegrind,
- callgrind
- helgrind
- drd
- massif
- lackey
- none
- exp-sgcheck
- exp-bbv
- exp-dhat
- etc
Memcheck
다음의 명령어 입력시, 메모리 누수 검사를 수행한다. <source lang=bash> $ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full </source>
Example
- Sample code
<source lang=c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
char* tmp; tmp = calloc(1024, sizeof(char)); sprintf(tmp, "Hello, world\n"); printf("%s", tmp); return 0;
} </source>
- Valgrind
pchero@mywork:~/workspace/study/program/memory/leak_sample$ valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./main ==12061== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==12061== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==12061== Using Valgrind-3.10.0.SVN and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==12061== Command: ./main ==12061== Hello, world ==12061== ==12061== HEAP SUMMARY: ==12061== in use at exit: 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks ==12061== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 1,024 bytes allocated ==12061== ==12061== 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1 ==12061== at 0x4C2CC70: calloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so) ==12061== by 0x40059A: main (in /home/pchero/ownCloud/workspace/study/program/memory/leak_sample/main) ==12061== ==12061== LEAK SUMMARY: ==12061== definitely lost: 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks ==12061== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==12061== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==12061== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==12061== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==12061== ==12061== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==12061== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
cachegrind
캐시 메모리 사용과 관련한 분석을 할 때 이용한다. 보통은 cg_annotate 라고 하는 프로그램을 같이 붙여서 사용한다.
$ valgrind --tool=cachegrind --cachegrind-out-file=test.cache ./main ==5449== Cachegrind, a cache and branch-prediction profiler ==5449== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Nicholas Nethercote et al. ==5449== Using Valgrind-3.10.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==5449== Command: ./main ==5449== --5449-- warning: L3 cache found, using its data for the LL simulation. ==5449== ==5449== I refs: 936,567,521 ==5449== I1 misses: 794 ==5449== LLi misses: 789 ==5449== I1 miss rate: 0.00% ==5449== LLi miss rate: 0.00% ==5449== ==5449== D refs: 372,559,454 (255,043,966 rd + 117,515,488 wr) ==5449== D1 misses: 18,125,618 ( 15,000,058 rd + 3,125,560 wr) ==5449== LLd misses: 17,655,246 ( 14,529,718 rd + 3,125,528 wr) ==5449== D1 miss rate: 4.8% ( 5.8% + 2.6% ) ==5449== LLd miss rate: 4.7% ( 5.6% + 2.6% ) ==5449== ==5449== LL refs: 18,126,412 ( 15,000,852 rd + 3,125,560 wr) ==5449== LL misses: 17,656,035 ( 14,530,507 rd + 3,125,528 wr) ==5449== LL miss rate: 1.3% ( 1.2% + 2.6% ) $ cg_annotate --auto=yes ./test.cache -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I1 cache: 32768 B, 64 B, 8-way associative D1 cache: 32768 B, 64 B, 8-way associative LL cache: 6291456 B, 64 B, 12-way associative Command: ./main Data file: ./test.cache Events recorded: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw Events shown: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw Event sort order: Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw Thresholds: 0.1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Include dirs: User annotated: Auto-annotation: on -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 936,567,521 794 789 255,043,966 15,000,174 14,530,056 117,515,488 3,125,560 3,125,528 PROGRAM TOTALS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ir I1mr ILmr Dr D1mr DLmr Dw D1mw DLmw file:function -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 389,524,179 2 2 120,002,480 0 0 60,001,240 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:random_r 255,000,000 3 3 90,000,000 0 0 15,000,000 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c:random 195,000,021 1 1 15,000,004 14,997,687 14,527,948 15,000,006 0 0 ???:main 60,000,000 1 1 15,000,000 0 0 15,000,000 0 0 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c:rand 21,875,016 4 4 1 1 1 12,500,004 3,125,001 3,125,001 /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/memset.S:memset 15,000,220 21 18 15,000,114 6 5 33 1 1 ???:??? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following files chosen for auto-annotation could not be found: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/memset.S /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c
Options
--log-file
valgrind result output 을 입력한 파일로 지정한다. 즉, 결과를 파일에 저장하는 옵션이다.
Help
--help 입력시 도움말을 확인할 수 있다.
pchero@mywork:~$ valgrind --help usage: valgrind [options] prog-and-args tool-selection option, with default in [ ]: --tool=<name> use the Valgrind tool named <name> [memcheck] basic user options for all Valgrind tools, with defaults in [ ]: -h --help show this message --help-debug show this message, plus debugging options --version show version -q --quiet run silently; only print error msgs -v --verbose be more verbose -- show misc extra info --trace-children=no|yes Valgrind-ise child processes (follow execve)? [no] --trace-children-skip=patt1,patt2,... specifies a list of executables that --trace-children=yes should not trace into --trace-children-skip-by-arg=patt1,patt2,... same as --trace-children-skip= but check the argv[] entries for children, rather than the exe name, to make a follow/no-follow decision --child-silent-after-fork=no|yes omit child output between fork & exec? [no] --vgdb=no|yes|full activate gdbserver? [yes] full is slower but provides precise watchpoint/step --vgdb-error=<number> invoke gdbserver after <number> errors [999999999] to get started quickly, use --vgdb-error=0 and follow the on-screen directions --track-fds=no|yes track open file descriptors? [no] --time-stamp=no|yes add timestamps to log messages? [no] --log-fd=<number> log messages to file descriptor [2=stderr] --log-file=<file> log messages to <file> --log-socket=ipaddr:port log messages to socket ipaddr:port user options for Valgrind tools that report errors: --xml=yes emit error output in XML (some tools only) --xml-fd=<number> XML output to file descriptor --xml-file=<file> XML output to <file> --xml-socket=ipaddr:port XML output to socket ipaddr:port --xml-user-comment=STR copy STR verbatim into XML output --demangle=no|yes automatically demangle C++ names? [yes] --num-callers=<number> show <number> callers in stack traces [12] --error-limit=no|yes stop showing new errors if too many? [yes] --error-exitcode=<number> exit code to return if errors found [0=disable] --show-below-main=no|yes continue stack traces below main() [no] --suppressions=<filename> suppress errors described in <filename> --gen-suppressions=no|yes|all print suppressions for errors? [no] --db-attach=no|yes start debugger when errors detected? [no] --db-command=<command> command to start debugger [/usr/bin/gdb -nw %f %p] --input-fd=<number> file descriptor for input [0=stdin] --dsymutil=no|yes run dsymutil on Mac OS X when helpful? [no] --max-stackframe=<number> assume stack switch for SP changes larger than <number> bytes [2000000] --main-stacksize=<number> set size of main thread's stack (in bytes) [min(max(current 'ulimit' value,1MB),16MB)] user options for Valgrind tools that replace malloc: --alignment=<number> set minimum alignment of heap allocations [16] --redzone-size=<number> set minimum size of redzones added before/after heap blocks (in bytes). [16] uncommon user options for all Valgrind tools: --fullpath-after= (with nothing after the '=') show full source paths in call stacks --fullpath-after=string like --fullpath-after=, but only show the part of the path after 'string'. Allows removal of path prefixes. Use this flag multiple times to specify a set of prefixes to remove. --extra-debuginfo-path=path absolute path to search for additional debug symbols, in addition to existing default well known search paths. --debuginfo-server=ipaddr:port also query this server (valgrind-di-server) for debug symbols --allow-mismatched-debuginfo=no|yes [no] for the above two flags only, accept debuginfo objects that don't "match" the main object --smc-check=none|stack|all|all-non-file [stack] checks for self-modifying code: none, only for code found in stacks, for all code, or for all code except that from file-backed mappings --read-var-info=yes|no read debug info on stack and global variables and use it to print better error messages in tools that make use of it (Memcheck, Helgrind, DRD) [no] --vgdb-poll=<number> gdbserver poll max every <number> basic blocks [5000] --vgdb-shadow-registers=no|yes let gdb see the shadow registers [no] --vgdb-prefix=<prefix> prefix for vgdb FIFOs [/tmp/vgdb-pipe] --run-libc-freeres=no|yes free up glibc memory at exit on Linux? [yes] --sim-hints=hint1,hint2,... known hints: lax-ioctls, enable-outer, fuse-compatible [none] --fair-sched=no|yes|try schedule threads fairly on multicore systems [no] --kernel-variant=variant1,variant2,... known variants: bproc [none] handle non-standard kernel variants --merge-recursive-frames=<number> merge frames between identical program counters in max <number> frames) [0] --num-transtab-sectors=<number> size of translated code cache [16] more sectors may increase performance, but use more memory. --show-emwarns=no|yes show warnings about emulation limits? [no] --require-text-symbol=:sonamepattern:symbolpattern abort run if the stated shared object doesn't have the stated text symbol. Patterns can contain ? and *. --soname-synonyms=syn1=pattern1,syn2=pattern2,... synonym soname specify patterns for function wrapping or replacement. To use a non-libc malloc library that is in the main exe: --soname-synonyms=somalloc=NONE in libxyzzy.so: --soname-synonyms=somalloc=libxyzzy.so --sigill-diagnostics=yes|no warn about illegal instructions? [yes] --unw-stack-scan-thresh=<number> Enable stack-scan unwind if fewer than <number> good frames found [0, meaning "disabled"] NOTE: stack scanning is only available on arm-linux. --unw-stack-scan-frames=<number> Max number of frames that can be recovered by stack scanning [5] user options for Memcheck: --leak-check=no|summary|full search for memory leaks at exit? [summary] --leak-resolution=low|med|high differentiation of leak stack traces [high] --show-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,.. which leak kinds to show? [definite,possible] --errors-for-leak-kinds=kind1,kind2,.. which leak kinds are errors? [definite,possible] where kind is one of definite indirect possible reachable all none --leak-check-heuristics=heur1,heur2,... which heuristics to use for improving leak search false positive [none] where heur is one of stdstring newarray multipleinheritance all none --show-reachable=yes same as --show-leak-kinds=all --show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=yes same as --show-leak-kinds=definite,possible --show-reachable=no --show-possibly-lost=no same as --show-leak-kinds=definite --undef-value-errors=no|yes check for undefined value errors [yes] --track-origins=no|yes show origins of undefined values? [no] --partial-loads-ok=no|yes too hard to explain here; see manual [no] --freelist-vol=<number> volume of freed blocks queue [20000000] --freelist-big-blocks=<number> releases first blocks with size>= [1000000] --workaround-gcc296-bugs=no|yes self explanatory [no] --ignore-ranges=0xPP-0xQQ[,0xRR-0xSS] assume given addresses are OK --malloc-fill=<hexnumber> fill malloc'd areas with given value --free-fill=<hexnumber> fill free'd areas with given value --keep-stacktraces=alloc|free|alloc-and-free|alloc-then-free|none stack trace(s) to keep for malloc'd/free'd areas [alloc-then-free] Extra options read from ~/.valgrindrc, $VALGRIND_OPTS, ./.valgrindrc Memcheck is Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. Valgrind is Copyright (C) 2000-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. LibVEX is Copyright (C) 2004-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP et al. Bug reports, feedback, admiration, abuse, etc, to: www.valgrind.org.
See also
- http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html - Cachegrind: a cache and branch-prediction profiler